Berlin’s elections have concluded: Left Party’s Elif Eralp has won

Die Linke (Left Party) candidate Elif Eralp made history in Berlin State Elections, winning 25.7 percent of the vote. With this result, the party has, for the first time in its history, has the chance of putting a governing mayor of immigrant backgrounds in office. In the election dominated by the talk of the far-right AfD’s rise, the victory of the Left Party labeled as the “extreme left” by the public discourse was met with jubilation.

Photo: Wikimedia

Polls closed in Berlin’s state election on September 20, with the Berlin State Electoral Board announcing provisional official results at 3.33 am on September 21. Die Linke’s Elif Eralp more than doubled the party’s 2023 results, lifting its vote share from 12,2 percent to 25,7 percent, and finishing first in Berlin.

The ruling party CDU, which had topped the 2023 election with 28,2 percent, dropped 9,4 points to 18,8 percent, falling to second place on Berlin’s state election. The AfD settled for the third place, but still gained 7,2 more points than the previous Berlin elections.

In the campaign she ran for Berlin, Elif Eralp, politician from Turkiye, focused on social justice policies such as solving the housing crisis through expropriation, making public transportation improvements, and addressing the city’s waste management issue.

Who is Elif Eralp?

She was born in Munich in 1981 after her family settled in Germany as political refugees following the September 12, 1980, coup. Eralp explains that coming from a family of active trade unionists and socialists in Turkey, and growing up as the child of a refugee family, led her to encounter issues of justice, equality, and state violence at a very young age; she says she has always been deeply involved in politics.

At the age of 12, after witnessing the injustices his family had also experienced, he decided to become a human rights lawyer and completed his law degree at the University of Hamburg between 2001 and 2007. After moving to Berlin in 2010, he joined Die Linke (The Left). In 2021, he was elected to the Berlin House of Representatives. She retained her seat in the 2023 elections. Since 2024, she has served as deputy chair of the parliamentary group, and since 2025, as deputy state chair of the party. She was nominated as the lead candidate for the 2026 Berlin state elections.

Eralp, who is married and the mother of two children, says that, like many Berliners, she lives in rented housing. The most talked-about aspect of her campaign in Berlin was her proposal to nationalize large housing companies in response to the housing crisis plaguing Berliners. Elif Eralp—who is often compared to New York’s Democratic Mayor Zohran Mamdani due to her implementation of social justice policies, her background as a member of an immigrant family, and her practice of going door-to-door in the city to listen to voters’ concerns—had already begun to shape the course of the election with her strong showing in polls leading up to the Berlin election. “If a socialist candidate can win in New York, why not in Berlin?” said Eralp, who achieved the victory she had aimed for in this election. She emphasizes the importance of greater political and social participation by this diverse population in Berlin, where more than 40 percent of the residents have an immigrant background.

“Left Party politics in Berlin is stronger”

“On the one hand, Die Linke’s politics is stronger in Berlin. Perhaps the party’s shortcomings seemed more clearly in Saxony-Anhalt. On the other hand, Berlin is a different kind of city, where a different kind of politics is possible. Saxony-Anhalt does not have many big cities; it is a state made up mostly of rural areas. With employment levels also much lower than in Berlin, people’s needs there take a different shape. For example, people do not move to Saxony-Anhalt for work, quite the opposite, a large number of people are leaving. There is no similar infrastructure or employment. What is really needed is something that can give voice to the problems people are struggling with and to more people’s demands and wishes there. What is needed there is more strength and more organizing.”

Die Linke’s policies in Berlin, on de-privatizing housing and tackling the waste collection chaos found more resonance, because Berlin is a large, complex city where good politics occur. It is not made up of small villages, and that difference shapes things on its own. Still, the responsibilities of Die Linke has to be to keep winning ground in these smaller towns and smaller provinces too, to genuinely earn people’s trust. The party needs to offer a stronger systemic alternative to the existing establishment politics. And I think that, for now, we have managed to do that somewhat better in Berlin.

The election results were celebrated with great enthusiasm

In his victory speech, Eralp said, “Starting today, we will change Berlin together and make it a better place.” Expressing his gratitude to the 19,000 members of his party and the voters of Berlin, Eralp noted that history had been made with this election and that voters had given the Left Party the mandate to form a new government.

Eralp, who ran a campaign focused on the socio-economic issues facing the people of Berlin, continued, “I advocate for a social policy—a policy that includes everyone. Our priority now is to make Berlin affordable.” The historic election result was celebrated with great enthusiasm on Sunday night. The celebrations continued with songs by Tarkan and traditional halay dances. Eralp also joined in the celebrations, chanting the slogan “Jin, Jiyan, Azadî.”

Election results: The Left Party won 47 seats

The Left Party came in first with 47 seats. The reason some parties failed to win seats is this: For a party to enter the Berlin State Parliament, it must receive at least 5% of the votes statewide.

Since Berlin is a city-state, voters in this Berlin election are electing the State Parliament. The State Premier of Germany is determined by the new State Parliament, which is formed once the number of representatives in the State Parliament is finalized based on the election results. Since no single party typically exceeds 50 percent of the vote, coalition talks begin, and a coalition government is formed in the Berlin State Parliament once a coalition secures 80 seats—that is, an absolute majority. Currently, for the Left Party to form a government, it must form a coalition with both the Greens and the SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany).

Although there is currently no information regarding potential coalitions, the SPD’s candidate, Steffen Krach, stated at an event organized by the Berlin Jewish Community before the election that “if anti-Semitic incidents occur, it’s over,” while the Greens’ candidate for mayor, Werner Graf, said he would not join a government that includes anti-Semites or relies on their support.

Meanwhile, Eralp objected to a resolution adopted by his party’s Lower Saxony chapter months before the election, which contained harsh rhetoric directed at Israel. Eralp described the resolution as “wrong,” noting that the text did not sufficiently take into account the October 7 Hamas attack and the Jewish people’s right to live in safety. In statements to the Berliner Zeitung, he emphasized that “Israel’s right to exist and the Jewish people’s right to self-determination” were non-negotiable for him.

“Gate of Tears” closes to oil: Houthi blockade of the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb

The Strait of Bab el-Mandeb, which separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula and serves as an alternative to the Strait of Hormuz for oil trade, effectively came under Houthi control as of September 2026.

The naval blockade against Saudi Arabia declared in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in July 2026 turned into concrete military control as of September 2026, following a ground operation launched by the Houthis (Ansarullah Movement)—who hold de facto control in Yemen—along the coastline.

On September 10, 2026, the process—which began with the capture of the Zübab district of the port city of Muha, located at a strategic distance from the strait, as well as Perim Island and the Hanish Islands, continued to spread and expand toward the hills that make control of the strait possible. The Yemeni government confirmed the fall of Muha to Reuters.

Another critical milestone in the Houthi advance was the capture on September 11 of Mayun, a small volcanic island at the entrance to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. The force controlling this island, which divides the strait in two, gains a strategic advantage over every passing ship.

Bab al-Mandab means “Gate of Tears.” It is known by this name due to its treacherous navigation conditions. The strait lies between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea on the African coast.

Speaking to Al Jazeera, Austrian politician Wolfgang Pusztai stated that if Muha were captured, the Houthis would completely cut off Yemen’s access to the Red Sea and, consequently, would be able to control the Bab el-Mandeb Strait more easily. Pusztai, highlighting the strait’s 20-kilometer width, described the capture of tactical positions around the strait as a strategic advance that would paralyze Red Sea shipping without the need for missiles. He added that the Houthis’ advantageous position would disrupt international trade, particularly with Saudi Arabia.

As military tensions escalate in the region, people in the port city of Muha—who make their living from the sea and have already been living with war for years—remain caught in the crossfire. It was reported that approximately 1,400 Yemenis have fled to Djibouti.

After the Strait of Hormuz, Bab el-Mandeb is next

The importance of the strait—which offers a route between Yemen and Djibouti and carries a large portion of the oil coming from the Middle East—had increased due to the unavailability of the Strait of Hormuz as a result of the conflict between the U.S. and Iran. With this route also being cut off, ships are expected to divert to the Cape of Good Hope, leading to even higher costs. Brent crude hit $100.

Experts in the region interpret the situation as an attempt by the Houthis to monopolize maritime trade. The Houthis are not only attacking ships but also deciding which vessels will pass through the strait, who will be attacked, and who will receive preferential treatment. This transforms the strait from a military front into a political lever.

The war has reached the coast

The crisis in Yemen has been ongoing for over 10 years. In 2014, the Ansarullah movement, riding a wave of public anger, took control of the capital, Sana’a, and then advanced southward.

Following the clashes, the ceasefire signed in April 2022 under the auspices of the United Nations failed to establish either a state of war or peace, as the parties were unable to reach a political agreement.

In 2023, citing solidarity with the Palestinian people in the face of attacks on Gaza, the Houthis began targeting commercial ships linked to Israel, the U.S., and the U.K. passing through the Red Sea and the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb with missiles and drones.

The latest development that ignited the conflict was Saudi Arabia’s airstrike on the airport in Sana’a. The Houthis had announced the Bab el-Mandeb blockade as a direct act of retaliation: declaring “a siege for a siege, an escalation for an escalation,” they imposed a naval blockade against Saudi Arabia on July 20.

Today, however, Houthi sources claim that life in the city has returned to normal following the withdrawal of Saudi forces from Muha. According to an AFP report, however, people fleeing with their children say they cannot find a single home in the city and that there are no shelters left.

Turkey and Pakistan are waiting to see

Amid this situation, the status of the Mecca Agreement—signed on August 7, 2026, between Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan—is a matter of curiosity. Under the agreement, an attack on one of the three countries will be considered an attack on the other member states. Turkey and Pakistan have not yet clearly announced whether they will take action against the Houthis’ blockade of Saudi Arabia.

Islamabad has asked Iran to use its influence over the Houthis and ensure that the attacks cease. Iran, meanwhile stated that it does not control the Houthis. Pakistani Defense Minister Havace Asif said in a statement that if attacks against Saudi Arabia continue, the trilateral security agreement could be activated.

On the Turkish side of the agreement, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan held a phone call with his Saudi counterpart, Faysal bin Ferhan Al Suud.

Since Riyadh has not yet put the pact into effect, Turkey and Pakistan have not taken any action.

Who are the Houthis?

As the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, which has been ongoing since October 7, escalates, the risk of a “regional war” is growing by the day. We have compiled what is known about the Houthis in Yemen, who on October 31 targeted Israel with ballistic missiles and drones “in support of the Palestinian resistance.”

The Ansarullah Movement, also known as the Houthis, which operates in Yemen, takes its name from its founder, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi. The Houthis belong to the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam, which is estimated to make up about one-third of the country’s population.

The Zaidis fought against the Ottomans at various intervals from 1538, when Yemen came under Ottoman rule, until 1918. Following the Ottomans’ withdrawal from Yemen in 1918, the Zaidis maintained their dominance in the region until 1970.

Between 1962 and 1970, the pro-monarchy Zaidis fought against the republicans led by Abdullah al-Sellal, who were backed by the Egyptian army. Although the republicans won the war, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, citing the loss of thousands of soldiers by his army, described his intervention against the rebels in North Yemen as “Egypt’s Vietnam.”

The Houthis, one of the leading Zaidi tribes, were a group influenced by the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution. The leaders of the Houthi tribe, which is primarily located in the Amran and Saada regions—Bedreddin al-Houthi and his son Hussein al-Houthi—lived in Iran for a time.

The Ansarullah Movement, founded in the early 1990s under the leadership of Hussein al-Houthi, waged an active struggle against Ali Abdullah Saleh, who served as President of Yemen from 1990 to 2012.

The Houthi uprising, which began in 2004 following the killing of Hussein al-Houthi by the Yemeni army, continued intermittently until 2011, when—fueled in part by the Arab Spring—it evolved into a widespread popular uprising, culminating in Ali Abdullah Saleh’s resignation on February 21, 2012.

The Houthis and the Saudis

While the appointment of Saleh’s deputy, Abdurabbu Mansur Hadi, as his successor failed to quell the unrest in the country, clashes broke out in 2014 following the security forces’ intervention against a wave of protests led by the Houthis. This process culminated in the Houthis seizing the capital, Sana’a, on September 21, 2014, and taking control of the government.

Saudi Arabia, Yemen’s northern neighbor, launched operations against the Houthis in March 2015 on the grounds that they were supported by Iran. During this period, the Houthis were driven out of Aden, the country’s “capital” in the south, which they had briefly seized. Nevertheless, the Houthis carried out numerous operations against Saudi border posts during this period and targeted oil facilities with missiles and drones.

Who controls what areas?

The Houthis control the capital, Sana’a, and the surrounding governorates of Zemar, Ibb, Raymah, Mahwit, and Amran, as well as the centers of the Sada, Hajjah, and Hodeidah governorates and parts of Bayda and Jawf.

The Saudi-led coalition forces and the Yemeni Presidential Council maintain control over all coastal cities along the Arabian Sea, stretching from the strategic Bab al-Mandab district in Taiz province in the southwest to the Omani border.

These forces, which maintain control over the southern governorates of Taiz, Abyan, Lahij, Hadramaut, and Mahra—including the temporary capital of Aden—also control the oil-rich city of Marib, as well as parts of Jawf and the governorates of Dali and Shabwa.

Forces affiliated with the Southern Transitional Council—which the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has trained and supported under various names in parallel with the Aden administration—are actively prominent in the western part of the country, starting from the coastal districts of Taiz and extending to the coastal regions of Aden, Abyan, Shabwa, and Hadramaut in the south.

Al-Qaeda is one of the parties to the conflict in Yemen. The organization, which has one of the strongest networks on the Arabian Peninsula, continues to operate primarily in desert regions and some coastal cities.

The 6 month ceasefire and the humanitarian situation

Under the auspices of the United Nations, the parties reached a ceasefire on April 2, 2022. The six-month ceasefire ended on October 2, 2022. Since then, fighting has continued, albeit at a low intensity.

Approximately 377,000 people have lost their lives in the years-long conflict. According to a United Nations report dated April 19, 2023, more than two-thirds of Yemen’s population (21.6 million people) are in need of humanitarian aid, while 4.5 million people, including 2 million children (14 percent of the population), have been internally displaced.

The war has led to a deepening economic crisis and triggered a famine in the country.

According to a December 12, 2022, report by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), approximately 2.2 million Yemeni children are at risk of dying from diseases such as cholera and measles due to malnutrition and a lack of vaccines, and half a million of these are 0-5 years old.

84-year-old war criminal dies

Reactions to Ratko Mladić’s death

Reactions poured in from many sides following the death of Ratko Mladić, convicted of war crimes committed during the Bosnian War. Serbia’s justice minister said the convicted general would be buried “with the highest state honours.”

Ratko Mladić during a court hearing in The Hague. Photo: UN-IRMCT/Leslie Hondebrink-Hermer

Ratko Mladić, the Bosnian Serb general found responsible for crimes committed during the Bosnian War amid the breakup of Yugoslavia, died on August 27 (yesterday) at the age of 84. Since 2024 he had been held under United Nations (UN) custody in a hospital in The Hague, in the Netherlands.

In 2017 Mladić was found guilty of war crimes and the Srebrenica genocide and sentenced to life in prison by the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT), the successor to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The sentence was upheld on appeal in 2021.

According to the Serbian press, about a week before Mladić’s death, Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić had asked the Hague court to let Mladić spend his final days in Serbia, citing his deteriorating health, but the request was denied.

News of Mladić’s death was first confirmed late yesterday afternoon by Lidija Pavićević, State Secretary of Serbia’s Ministry of Human and Minority Rights.

Reactions came from many different sides.

Suljagić: His death does not turn a criminal into a historical figure

Part of the statement by Emir Suljagić, head of the Srebrenica Memorial Center, posted on his X account, reads as follows:

Ratko Mladić is dead, and there is not much to say. Nor does that fact change much. It does not bring back the dead. It does not erase mass graves. It does not change verdicts. It does not turn a criminal into a historical figure.

Izetbegović: Mladić will go down in history as a war criminal

Bakir Izetbegović, son of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s first president Alija Izetbegović and chairman of the right-wing Party of Democratic Action (SDA), said on his X account that Mladić would be remembered by history exactly as the final judgment of the Hague tribunal defined him: as a war criminal sentenced to life imprisonment for the gravest crimes committed on European soil since the Second World War.

Hotić: He died in disgrace

Kada Hotić, 82, whose husband and son were killed by Serb forces in 1995, said: “I am grateful to the Tribunal because it sentenced Mladić to life and has not released him. Justice was served on the day he was sentenced to life. He died in disgrace, because he killed so many people.”

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Justice Minister Zukan Helez, in a statement on his Facebook account, described Mladić as a convicted perpetrator of genocide and one of the most notorious war criminals Europe has seen since the Second World War.

Helez said that death brings no absolution, that mass graves will not be erased, that murdered children and parents will not return, and that all that remains is shame, the verdict, and the bloody trace of the crimes.

Justice minister: He will be buried with the highest state honours

Serbia’s Justice Minister Nenad Vujić announced that Mladić would be buried in Serbia, at a place to be determined by his family, “with the highest state honours”:

“General Mladić is a general and the protocols are known. His role is also known, but whatever belongs to General Mladić will certainly be honoured.”

However, despite the justice minister’s claim, it remains unclear whether a “state funeral” can legally be held for Mladić, who died while serving a life sentence and who, under the law, should have been discharged from military service and stripped of his rank because Article 110 (1/11) of Serbia’s Army Act provides that “unconditional imprisonment of more than one year results, on the day the judgment becomes final, in the termination of service,” and Article 185 (1/3) provides that “the same sentence results, on the day it becomes final, in the loss of rank; along with the rank, all rights tied to the rank are also lost.”

You can access the Serbian Army Act, published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia under No. 116/2007 and last amended by No. 109/2025 of 4 December 2025, here.

Aleksandar Šapić, mayor of Belgrade and a member of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) led by President Vučić, shared a photo of Mladić on his personal Instagram account with the caption “Rest in peace, general. May you have eternal glory and gratitude.”

In a statement on 28 August, President Vučić said, “We have received nothing from The Hague.”

Saying that “they had now seen that The Hague wanted Mladić to die behind bars,” Vučić added, “They did not allow the general to die in Serbia, where he wanted to die. That is uncivilised behaviour, without precedent or justification,” thereby also confirming the Serbian press reports that there had been an intention to bring Mladić to Serbia.

Vučić further stated that Serbian authorities would help arrange a dignified burial for Mladić in Serbia if his family requested it. However, he made no comment on the justice minister’s claim that Mladić would be buried “with the highest state honours.”

In addition, the President of Montenegro’s parliament, Andrija Mandić, posted on his official X account that he had conveyed his condolences to Mladić’s son.

Commemorated at football matches

At the match yesterday at 8:00 p.m. in which Serbia’s Red Star football club (FK Crvena Zvezda) lost 5-1 away to Czechia’s Viktoria Plzeň in the second leg of the UEFA Europa League play-off round, a banner reading “General, eternal glory and gratitude” in tribute to Mladić was unfurled by Red Star’s supporters’ group Delije and shared from the club’s official X account.

Željko Ražnatović, known as Arkan, the mafia and terrace leader who founded the Delije supporters’ group, was also one of the influential figures of the era of Yugoslavia’s breakup and the Bosnian War. Arkan, who also headed the Serb paramilitary force known as the Serb Volunteer Guards or “Arkan’s Tigers,” was indicted by the ICTY for crimes against humanity after the war. He was assassinated in January 2000.

Before the match yesterday at 9:30 p.m. in which Borac, the football club from Banja Luka, the capital of Republika Srpska (one of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s two entities), beat Iceland’s representative Vikingur 3-1 in the second leg of the UEFA Conference League play-off, applause rose from the stands when it was announced in the stadium that Mladić had died. A song praising Mladić was also sung, and a banner was unfurled reading “The earthly is a small kingdom; the heavenly is forever and ever. Eternal glory to the greatest defender of the Serbian people.*”

* The words on the banner draw on the defeat of the Serbian kingdom at the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389. According to legend, on the night before the battle, Serbian Prince Lazar was visited in a dream by an angel of God and asked to choose between an earthly kingdom and a heavenly one. Lazar, who chose the heavenly kingdom, lost the battle and died on the battlefield.

According to an 28 August report by The Athletic, the sports section of The New York Times, UEFA announced that it had opened disciplinary proceedings against Red Star on three separate counts. These counts include “racist and/or discriminatory behaviour”, “transmitting a message that is not fit for a sports event” and “improper conduct of the team.”

Following the match, the Srebrenica Memorial Center had contacted UEFA to state that the banners that were unfurled “cannot be reduced to the behaviour of fans.”

The statement of the Srebrenica Memorial Center includes the following:

“A club that consciously uses its official communication channels to spread messages glorifying a man legally convicted of genocide cannot reduce such behavior to the behavior of fans.

This is no longer just a question of the fans, but of the club’s institutional relationship to the values on which UEFA bases European football.”

UN Secretary-General: I stand in solidarity with the victims

UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in a statement through his spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric, said he stands in solidarity with the victims, survivors and their families who suffered the crimes for which Mr. Mladić was found guilty.

Stating that the facts conclusively established by the judicial findings form part of the historical record, Guterres reiterated his call on all those in positions of power to refrain from denying the seriousness of the crimes that have been adjudicated.

Guterres also said he strongly condemns any denial of the Srebrenica genocide as a historical event, and any actions that glorify those convicted of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by international courts.

Dodik: This is a murder

Milorad Dodik, chairman of Republika Srpska’s Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), former president of Republika Srpska, one of the leading figures of Serb nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and currently banned from politics, said of Mladić’s death: “It is a murder. He was respected by the Serbian people. As a commander he stood to defend Serbs.”

Šešelj: Mladić fought against villains

The far-right convicted war criminal Vojislav Šešelj* said of Mladić: “Mladić fought against those villains for a long time; they expected his death two or three years ago, but he did not give up… They killed him.”

* Vojislav Šešelj is the founder of the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS). Indicted by the ICTY in January 2003 over war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina during the breakup of Yugoslavia, Šešelj went to The Hague and surrendered in February 2003 after a judge confirmed the charges. He remained in ICTY custody for 11 years and 9 months. In 2014 he was allowed to return to Serbia for cancer treatment. Later also a member of parliament, Šešelj was acquitted in 2016, but the acquittal was overturned on appeal in 2018. Šešelj, however, did not return to prison.

Russia: Mladić’s right to health was violated

Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs made a statement via Facebook, and the Russian Embassy in Belgrade via its X account, regarding Mladić’s death.

The Russian Foreign Ministry said: “The Russian side has consistently pointed out that Mladić’s trial in The Hague and the conditions of his imprisonment were accompanied by disregard for his basic rights, including the right to health and adequate medical care.” The Russian Embassy in Belgrade, for its part, offered “Its sincere condolences to Mladić’s family and loved ones on the passing of General Ratko Mladić.”

Who was Ratko Mladić?

Ratko Mladić was born in 1942 in the village of Božanovići in Bosnia and Herzegovina and rose to the rank of general in the Yugoslav People’s Army. With the outbreak of the Bosnian War, he became the commander-in-chief of the newly formed Bosnian Serb army (Vojska Republike Srpske-VRS). He was among the most senior military figures responsible for the army’s actions, including the nearly four-year siege of Sarajevo and the genocide at Srebrenica. After the war he spent years in hiding as a fugitive and was captured only in May 2011 in Serbia, then handed over to The Hague.

In 2017, Mladić was found guilty by the ICTY of the Srebrenica genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of the laws of war, and sentenced to life imprisonment. The sentence was upheld on appeal in 2021. While serving his sentence, Mladić died on 27 August 2026 in a hospital under UN custody in The Hague, following long-standing health problems.

The search for a “new Albania”: Tirana streets have been up for 24 days

By Erisa Kryeziu

In Tirana, protests that began as an environmental movement have transformed into a mass anti-government movement, with demonstrators demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Edi Rama and fundamental institutional reforms.

Photo: Citizens Channel

The citizen-led protest movement against the Albanian government has entered its 24th consecutive day, marking one of the longest sustained civic mobilizations in the country in recent years. Every evening, protesters have gathered in central Tirana to express their dissatisfaction with the government of Prime Minister Edi Rama, demanding political and institutional changes that, in their view, would ensure a more democratic system that is more accountable to citizens.

What began as a protest against the construction of tourist resorts in the protected Pishe Poro–Narta area has now evolved into a broader movement against the government and the way Albania has been governed over the past 35 years by all major political parties. Protesters are calling for a “New Albania” and for investigations into all politicians who have held power and made decisions that they believe have harmed the Albanian people.

After more than three weeks of daily demonstrations, the organizing group unveiled five key demands, which they described as “legitimate and non-negotiable.” The first demand is the immediate resignation of Prime Minister Edi Rama and his government. Organizers argue that the government has lost its legitimacy to govern and that a political solution is needed through the establishment of a transitional technocratic government.

The second demand calls for the creation of a non-partisan technical government with a limited mandate, which would administer the country for at least one year and prepare the conditions for free elections and institutional reforms. Protesters are also calling for constitutional amendments and electoral reform, which they argue should be approved through a popular referendum.

The list of demands also includes changes to the law on political party financing, with organizers arguing that the current system lacks transparency and allows illicit interests to influence politics. Another demand seeks to introduce a constitutional limit of no more than two terms for any prime minister.

In addition to these demands, organizers have reiterated their opposition to several government policies, including legal changes affecting protected areas, cultural heritage sites, and the strategic investor scheme, which they consider a mechanism that has facilitated controversial development projects.

Photo: Citizens Channel

While the protests have remained largely peaceful, tensions between the organizers and Prime Minister Rama have intensified in recent days. Activists accuse the prime minister of publicly targeting and discrediting protest participants through statements and social media posts that they describe as defamatory and dismissive. The government, on the other hand, has downplayed the protests and questioned the motives of the organizers.

Organizers and participants say the demonstrations will continue every evening until their demands are met.

The protests are unfolding in a highly polarized political environment and represent the most sustained civic challenge faced by the Albanian government in recent months. It remains unclear whether the movement will lead to concrete political or institutional changes, but it has already become a significant expression of public discontent and demands for greater accountability in Albania.

Belfast riots raise concerns about anti-immigrant violence

A stabbing incident in Belfast has sparked violent anti-immigrant riots fueled by social media misinformation, raising serious concerns about racism, public safety, and Northern Ireland’s fragile social fabric.

Image: Kevin Scott (@Kscott_94)

Riots in Belfast after a serious knife attack have raised concerns about anti-immigrant violence, misinformation on social media, and whether police and political leaders can stop tensions from growing.

The riots started after Stephen Ogilvie was seriously injured in a knife attack in north Belfast on 8 June. A 30-year-old Sudanese man, Hadi Alodid, was later charged with attempted murder, carrying a knife in public, and making threats to kill. He has not been convicted, and police have not publicly confirmed a motive for the attack.

The incident quickly became more than a criminal investigation. Videos and claims about the attack spread rapidly online. The suspect’s nationality and immigration status became a major topic of discussion. Soon after, anti-immigration protests took place in parts of Belfast, and some of these protests became violent.

Police officers were attacked with bricks, bottles, and fireworks. Vehicles were set on fire, and homes and businesses were damaged. Some properties linked to migrants or ethnic minority residents were also targeted. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) responded by deploying public order units and using water cannon and plastic bullets.

The violence prompted warnings from community groups that minority families were living in fear. Some people had to leave their homes for their own safety. Police asked the public to remain calm and avoid sharing material that could increase tensions.

In a statement released through the PSNI, Ogilvie’s family said they were devastated by the attack. However, they said they did not want the case to divide communities or create hostility towards migrants. They added that many migrants make an important contribution to the country and should not be blamed for the actions of one individual.

In an update yesterday, Stephen Ogilvie’s family confirmed that he is now out of an induced coma and continuing his recovery. However, his condition remains serious. His family said he has lost sight in his left eye and still faces the possibility of losing sight in his right eye.

Social media misinformation

Political leaders in Belfast and London also condemned the violence. Prime Minister Keir Starmer said the disorder was unacceptable and that those responsible would face the full force of the law. Northern Ireland Secretary Hilary Benn described the violence as “racist thuggery” and said people had been targeted because of their race or background.

First Minister Michelle O’Neill condemned the intimidation of families and the burning of homes. Deputy First Minister Emma Little-Pengelly said that anger about one person’s alleged actions could never justify attacks on innocent people. Justice Minister Naomi Long also criticised people who were using fear and anger to encourage anti-immigrant actions.

Long said social media had helped increase tensions. According to The Guardian, some people encouraging the riots were not even from the local area, saying that they would have “struggled to find Belfast on a map”.

The role of social media has become one of the central issues following the riots. Police and politicians say that videos, rumours, and inflammatory posts online helped make the situation worse. There are also concerns that threats against migrant-related addresses were not taken seriously enough before the violence began.

Image: Kevin Scott

The Guardian reported that a volunteer group called The Accountability Project Northern Ireland sent many reports to the PSNI between November 2025 and June 2026. The group warned police about anti-immigration activity online and about addresses being shared in extremist networks. A spokesperson said that a list circulated during the riots appeared to match one that had previously been sent to police.

The PSNI says investigations are continuing. Officers are trying to identify those involved in the disorder and are monitoring online activity. Police are also taking steps to protect people and places that may be at risk.

Northern Ireland’s context

The riots have been compared to other anti-immigrant violence in the UK. In 2024, riots broke out in several towns and cities after the murder of three girls in Southport. False information about the attacker spread online, and mosques, asylum accommodation, and police officers were targeted. A parliamentary report later described the unrest as the worst public disorder in the UK since 2011.

Northern Ireland also witnessed anti-immigrant violence in 2025. Riots erupted in Ballymena after two teenagers were accused of a serious sexual assault, but the riots soon moved beyond the specific criminal allegation and turned into hate-motivated attacks against migrant communities. Homes, cars, and businesses were burned, and police described the disorder as hate-motivated. Reuters later reported that the charges against the teenagers were withdrawn, highlighting how an unproven allegation had been mobilised to justify collective hostility toward immigrants.

The Belfast riots appear to fit a wider pattern in which serious crimes or allegations can quickly become a focus for anti-immigrant mobilisation, especially when claims and rumours spread online.

The events have also renewed debate about Northern Ireland’s unique social and political situation. Belfast has a long history of sectarian division and political conflict. Because of this history, outbreaks of street violence are especially concerning. The Guardian reported that the riots led to questions about possible loyalist paramilitary influence, although there is currently no clear evidence that such groups organised the disorder.

For police and political leaders, the challenge is now about more than restoring order. They also face pressure to respond more effectively to online threats, misinformation, and the targeting of minority communities after local incidents.

The criminal case connected to the knife attack will continue through the courts. However, the violence that followed has already left Belfast facing difficult questions about racism, social media, policing, and the risk of blaming entire communities for the alleged actions of one person.

Letter written by Waisi who murdered in Iran came out

Since the ceasefire signed between Iran and the U.S. on April 7, dozens of Kurds have been executed and many others killed. The letter and watercolor paintings addressing children, created by Kurdish activist Mojtaba Waisi, who was most recently killed by the Revolutionary Guards, have been widely shared in the media.

The ceasefire, which began on the 40th day of the Iran-U.S. war (April 7) and was initially set to last two weeks, continues to be in effect officially under Pakistani mediation. While Iran continues its negotiations with the U.S., it has maintained its repressive policies within the country during this period and executed many Kurdish prisoners facing political and “security” charges.

Mojtaba Waisi: “Power must be used to serve humanity”

On May 28, Mojtaba and Maysam Waisi were shot and killed in their family home in the Mehdiye neighborhood (Dare Daraz or Dîrij) of Kermanshah by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Following this incident, a letter written by Mojtaba Waisi to the children attending the library he founded, along with his artworks, came to light.

Signed artworks of Mojtaba Waisi.

It was learned that two of Mojtaba Waisi’s signed works depicting a Kurdish woman were created using watercolor.

Here is the translation from Sorani Kurdish to English of the two-page letter written by Mojtaba Waisi:

“Sometimes my feelings take flight toward that library where my soul flutters its wings for books. I miss every single child in that library: Mehiya, Mahbub, Sena, Aylin, Servinaz, Hena, Mübin, Diana, Atusa, Hesti, Alov, Negar, Ayda, Terane, Haniye, Aydın, Berhem…

I wonder if I’ll ever get to see them grow up and witness their futures? I don’t know if I’ll be able to bear witness to their futures and their adulthood. But from the depths of my heart, I wish each of them health, wisdom, and a life of honor. I love them; I wish for them knowledge and wisdom, to stay away from people’s tricks and deceptions, to be filled with humanity and reflect it, to have freedom, to seek justice, to serve the people, and to stand firm like ancient, noble oak trees. With the hope of seeing you in a free and enlightened world… The prosperity of the homeland and your greatness are my greatest wishes. May justice be with you; may justice be your supporter and refuge.

Under all circumstances, I am filled with despair and mental turmoil. Despair regarding an uncertain future… A despair stemming from not knowing what will happen, from being unable to foresee how events will unfold. How long will this situation continue? Will this tyrant’s reign come to an end—will this era of oppression finally cease? Or will another tyrant rise in his place? Will this vicious cycle repeat itself once more? How will the dictator’s power be overthrown and shattered?

Should the brave pay the price of freedom with their lives and all they possess, while the dishonorable and cowardly seize power and arrogance and ascend to the throne of rule and governance? Should those noble people who fought and lost their lives leave behind nothing but their photographs, now confined to prisons? Will the result of my comrades’ efforts and deaths be that the power over the nation’s future falls into the hands of those who seek it solely for their own interests? Yet power must be used to serve people and humanity. Before long, the bonds and chains of this captivity will be forged anew…

But the sorrow of rising up to fight against the oppressors is not a source of despair for me; on the contrary, it is the very essence of the flow of life and the meaning of existence. In this empty and meaningless world where I have found my own meaning, merely surviving and bowing to oppression out of fear of death is nothing but shame and humiliation.

Yours faithfully,

Your supporter and defender.”

According to the Kurdistan Human Rights Network (KHRN), the two brothers had previously been subjected to repeated pressure, threats, and detention by security forces due to their cultural activities and participation in anti-government protests.

It was reported that approximately one year ago, the two brothers, along with other cultural and literary activists, contributed to the establishment of the Darreh Drezh Kurdish library and organized cultural and artistic events to foster a sense of social solidarity among children and youth in the impoverished region. It is also known that the two brothers participated in the organization of many Newroz celebrations in the city and carried out various artistic projects in Kermanshah.

Deaths continue after the ceasefire

Since the ceasefire declared between Iran and the U.S. on April 7, 2026, the Iranian regime’s arrests, political executions, capital punishments, and attacks on Kurdish regions have continued. Human rights organizations have reported that this repression and the massacres have continued even after the ceasefire.

Individuals killed and executed by the Iranian regime following the April 7 ceasefire

April 7, 2026

Mohsen Eslamkhah

Hana Human Rights Organization reported that Mohsen Eslamkhah, a detained individual from Bukan, has been sentenced to death by the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

April 14, 2026

Ghazal Mawlan

Ghazal Mawlan, an 18-year-old Komala member who was severely injured during Iran’s drone strike targeting opposition groups in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, has passed away. Human rights organizations reported that some hospitals refused to provide treatment due to fear of political pressure.

April 17, 2026

3 killed in attack on PDKI camp

Following the ceasefire, three people lost their lives in an attack carried out by Iranian unmanned aerial vehicles on a PDKI camp in Iraqi Kurdistan. Two women were among the deceased.

April 25, 2026

Nasser Bakerzadeh

The Supreme Court of Iran upheld the death sentence of Nasser Bakerzadeh, a 26-year-old Kurdish prisoner detained in Orumiyeh Central Prison.

May 2, 2026

Nasser Bakerzadeh and Yaghoub Karimpour

In the early hours of May 2, Nasser Bakerzadeh, a Kurdish Sunni, and Yaghoub Karimpour, a disabled Azerbaijani Turk Yarsani citizen, were secretly executed in Orumiyeh Central Prison without prior notification to their lawyers or families. It was noted that prison authorities have since prevented the handover of their bodies. KHRN learned that both individuals had been transferred from the general ward to a security unit in the city on April 30, where they were pressured to record forced video confessions.

May 4, 2026

Mehrab Abdollahzadeh

Kurdish political prisoner Mehrab Abdollahzadeh was secretly executed in Orumiyeh Central Prison without any prior notification given to his family or defense lawyers. Security forces refused to hand over his body to his family.

May 21, 2026

Ramin Zaleh and Karim Maroufpour

Two Kurdish political prisoners, Ramin Zaleh and Karim Maroufpour, who were sentenced to death on charges of “armed rebellion,” were secretly executed in Naqadeh Prison in the early hours of May 21. No prior notice was given to their families or lawyers.

May 23, 2026

Ghazi Kawani

According to reports received by the Hana Human Rights Organization, Ghazi Kawani, a Kurdish shopkeeper from Doletu village in Sardasht County, passed away on May 23 due to severe injuries. Kawani had been critically wounded a few days earlier by direct fire from the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran along the Jasousan border corridor.

May 28, 2026

Waisi brothers

Mojtaba Veysi and Meysam Veysi, two Kurdish Yarsani brothers and cultural activists from Kermanshah, were killed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) forces on May 28 in Ghaleh-Kouhesh village, located in the Dalahu county of Kermanshah province.

May 28, 2026

Ramazanpour and Marefati

Esmaeil Ramazanpour, 38, residing in Yazd, and Arman Marefati, a 30-year-old Kurdish civilian from Saqqez in Kurdistan Province, were sentenced to death on charges of “enmity against God” in connection with the December 2025–January 2026 protests.

May 30, 2026

Raouf Sheikh-Maroufi and Mohammad Faraji

Hana Human Rights Organization learned that the Supreme Court upheld the death sentences of two Kurdish political prisoners, Raouf Sheikh-Maroufi and Mohammad Faraji. The cases of these two individuals, who reside in Bukan and were detained during the “Woman, Life, Freedom” uprising, have been referred to the Sentence Enforcement Branch.

767
The number of reported detentions during the period from the ceasefire to April 21.
36
The total number of executions reported by KHRN during the war and ceasefire process.
Sources: Kurdistan Human Rights Network (KHRN), Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO), Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI). Chronological data only covers deaths, executions, and attacks reported after the April 7, 2026 ceasefire.

*This infographic was created with AI tools, utilizing data from the specified sources.

Iranian experts: “War deepens divisions”

Emami and Talebi stated that the “Iran War,” which has temporarily subsided with a two-week ceasefire, has deepened the fault lines within Iranian society, and that what is currently visible is not “promising.”

On February 28, the US and Israel began attacking Iran. As of April 8, a two-week ceasefire has been declared. But people are still debating the war’s effects and what comes next. We spoke with sociologist Dr. Mehrdad Emami and Iranian journalist Reza Talebi about what’s happening inside Iran and how it’s affecting ordinary people.

Dr. Emami pointed out that before the war, millions of Iranians were protesting side by side against the government. These protests, led mostly by middle and working class people, were strong enough that some called it a near-revolutionary moment. “In many central areas, Iranians were protesting hard, demanding the government be brought down. The state responded with a massacre,” he said.

He also noted that in the December-January protests, a royalist movement (Pahlavism, supporters of the old Shah monarchy) had a growing influence. Many satellite TV channels broadcasting from outside Iran are pro-Pahlavi and backed by the West. Emami said it was predictable that after the Mahsa Amini protests, this far-right nationalist movement would become more organized than leftist or pro-freedom groups. He also blamed the left and feminists for failing to produce a strong leading figure after the Amini protests.

Pahlavism is making divisions worse

Emami noted that according to official figures, over 3,000 people have been killed in the war so far, as a massive trauma for society. He argued that the Pahlavi movement is deepening existing splits:

“Iranian nationalists who spent years calling leftists and feminists traitors are now supporting the continuation of the war alongside the US and Israel. And even though millions of Iranians oppose the current government, being bombed every day pushes people toward wanting peace, not regime change. When your home is damaged and your life is at risk, the most urgent thing becomes stopping the war.”

He also noted a shift among minority communities (Kurds, Baluch, Arabs and others) who have historically been oppressed both under the Shah and under the Islamic Republic.

“These regions were actually at the center of the most recent uprisings, partly because they are resource-rich but their people remain poor. Yet in the December–January protests, turnout in these regions was low, which drew criticism from the nationalist groups leading those protests. As the result, groups that had been coming together in recent movements are now more fragmented than before.”

“Don’t underestimate political Islam”

Emami warned against dismissing political Islam in Iran:

“The left lost the 1979 revolution partly for this reason,” he said. He pointed to the Iran-Iraq war, which lasted 8 years, longer than expected, because the Iranian state at that time was young and still seen as somewhat legitimate, both at home and internationally. The world hadn’t yet seen its true nature.”

He also said that even some pro-war Pahlavi supporters are now split, because Iranians can see that the US is killing civilians and bombing Iran’s infrastructure. “Over time it has become clear that the US main goal is to weaken Iran’s oil, nuclear, and military capabilities, not to liberate its people” he said.

“This war is being fought more in the media than on the ground”

Journalist Reza Talebi said it’s sad that Iranians are stuck between two bad options for information: Iran’s official state media, which can’t go beyond slogans and denial, and international media driven mainly by profit. He added that print journalism in Iran is barely surviving, and most people are now entirely dependent on social media.

“Tension levels are high”

Talebi also spoke about the situation of Kurds and other minority communities living in Iran, and what might happen next:

“I don’t have a full picture of everything being discussed about Kurds, Turks, Arabs, and Baluch people in Iran, but the social and ethnic divisions are nothing new, and they aren’t just caused by the war.

These divisions do get deeper in wartime, of course, and they can lead to new conflicts. Tension levels are high. On top of the divisions between Kurds, Turks, Arabs, and Baluch, there are also splits between religious and secular people, and even if these cracks aren’t fully visible right now, they are very dangerous. If things aren’t handled carefully, situations similar to Syria or Afghanistan are possible.

I can’t see a clear future for Iran, and I also can’t pretend to be an expert on everything. I could be wrong but what I see doesn’t look hopeful. Iranian society is fragile and unpredictable. Maybe shared suffering can create some kind of balance.”

Berlin’s “Socialists Cemetery”: The dead warn us!

In the Socialists’ Cemetery, the revolutionaries of the German Socialist Movement engraved in the history books lie side by side with nameless heroes.

Photo: Wikipedia

As you walk through the silence of a large park in Berlin’s Friedrichsfelde district, you come across three words engraved on a stone: “Die Toten mahnen uns.” In English, “The dead warn us.” With this phrase, you suddenly feel as though an entirely different era has begun, with slogans and marches echoing around you; this is Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde. In other words, the Socialists’ Cemetery…

When the Berlin Municipality purchased this 25-hectare site in 1880, it commissioned landscape architect Hermann Mächtig to design the area as a garden cemetery. At the time of its opening, it became the first municipal cemetery open to all Berliners, regardless of faith. No distinction was made between rich and poor… The city’s poor were buried here, with the municipality covering their funeral expenses. For this reason, it came to be known as the “Armenfriedhof,” meaning the “Cemetery of the Poor.”

On one side, the cemetery is home to the well-kept and magnificent tombs of the city’s wealthy families, while on the other lie the graves of thousands of poor Berliners, some lacking even a name… Here, those whose only possession in life was their bodies are “equalized” with the rich in death.

And it is also here that the revolutionaries of the German Socialist Movement, etched into history books, lie side by side with nameless heroes.

A red marble plaque inscribed with the names of 327 men and women who died fighting against fascism between 1933 and 1945. Photo / Wikipedia
The Funeral That Changed the Cemetery’s Fate

August 7, 1900… Wilhelm Liebknecht, one of the pioneers of the German Socialist movement, suffered a stroke while returning home after working late at the socialist newspaper Vorwärts, which he had been an editor for years, and died at the age of 74. On August 12, Berlin witnessed one of the largest funerals in its history. Tens of thousands of people joined the procession stretching from the city center to Friedrichsfelde Cemetery.

This ceremony and the crowd in attendance did not merely bid farewell to Liebknecht. They also altered the cemetery’s fate. Liebknecht’s burial here instantly transformed Friedrichsfelde into a shrine for the labor movement. His grave, standing like a monument, became a gathering point for generations of social democrats, socialists, and anti-fascists. Subsequently, other leaders of the labor movement, such as Ignaz Auer, Paul Singer, Carl Legien, and Theodor Leipart, were also laid to rest here. Thus, Friedrichsfelde took on the name “Socialists’ Cemetery” and was cemented into the symbolic map of the people’s struggle in Berlin. Thereafter, each new burial added new layers of meaning to the cemetery, accompanied by inscriptions carved into stones and newly erected statues. Each statue became a silent but screaming manifesto.

Rosa is Here: “I Was, I Am, I Shall Be”

January 1919 was a time when the streets of Berlin became the scene of the Spartacist Uprising, echoing with clashes between the Spartacists and Freikorps units (paramilitary forces). On January 15, 1919, more than a hundred revolutionaries, including Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, were massacred by Freikorps troops. Some died in clashes, while others were executed by firing squad in extrajudicial killings…

The ceremony attended by high-ranking East German leaders to commemorate Rosa Luxemburg in January 1989. Photo / Wikipedia

The bodies of Karl Liebknecht and 33 others were buried in the Socialists’ Cemetery on January 25. Karl was now in the same cemetery as his father, Wilhelm Liebknecht. Rosa, however, was made to disappear after being killed. It took months to find her body. She was eventually found in May 1919 in the Landwehr Canal, where she had been thrown, and was buried in this cemetery. Rosa was one of the revolutionaries that the fascists feared the most, so that they wanted her body to be lost and for her to be forgotten. But they failed. Rosa is now in the Socialists’ Cemetery, and through her final article, she declares: “Tomorrow, the revolution will already rise up resoundingly and proclaim to your horror with trumpets: I was, I am, I shall be!“

Destruction and Reconstruction

The year 1926 marked a new turning point for the Socialists’ Cemetery. On June 13, 1926, the “Revolutionsdenkmal” (Monument to the Revolution) was unveiled. Built as a red brick cube, it symbolized the resilience of the revolutionary movement and the revolutionaries who were lined up against a wall and executed by a firing squad. However, the Nazi regime destroyed this memorial of the revolution with dynamite in 1935.

Following the Second World War, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), established in East Berlin, sought to once again glorify the symbols of the labor movement. On January 14, 1951, a new site was opened in the center of the Socialists’ Cemetery: the “Gedenkstätte der Sozialisten” (Memorial to the Socialists). A large porphyry stone was erected right in the middle of the memorial. Only three words are inscribed on the obelisk: “Die Toten mahnen uns” (The dead warn us.) A simple, brief sentence, yet one that strikes every reader to the core…

The monument, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in 1926 and built in memory of the fallen Spartacists, was destroyed by the Third Reich after 1935. Photo / Wikipedia

During the GDR era, the monument became an indispensable venue for state ceremonies. In the final years of East Germany, while the cemetery became a burial ground for party elites and the state bureaucracy, it was closed to new burials following the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany. The existing graves remain standing, preserving history like a stone memory.

The Call Echoing in the Silence

Although the crowds at the official ceremonies held in the Socialists’ Cemetery dwindled after the fall of the Berlin Wall, thousands of people still come here every January, braving the cold, to commemorate Rosa and Karl. The graves of the 327 anti-fascists in the outer semicircle of the cemetery, who took part in resistance networks during the Hitler era, are not forgotten either. Among them are workers, trade unionists, teachers, and ordinary people. Ordinary, but brave people…

The sentence carved in stone continues to ring in the ears of visitors leaving the cemetery: “The dead warn us!” This is not merely a reminder. It is a call that carries the lessons of the past into today and tomorrow. And everyone asks themselves this question: Do the dead in our geography warn us too?

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